Notes on Alexander the Great
King Phillip 2- Born at pelia of Macedon
- youngest son of King Amyntas 2
- held hostage @ Thesbe- learned military skills & deplomatic info
- King of Macedon 359 BC- 336 BC
- assinated @ a wedding
Olympias
- originally a princess
- arranged marriage with King Phillip 2
- gave birth to Alexander
- divorced Phillip
- ordered Eurydice to kill Phillip 3 (king Phillip 2 son) to ensure Alexander got the throne
- claimed Zeus was Alexander's father
Alexander's Birth
- born in Pella region of Macedonia on September 20, 350 BC
- didn't see his father much as a child because King Phillip was with the military and affairs
- resented his father bc he was gone so much
- Olympia was a powerful role model
Bucephalus
- 344 BC- dealer from Tessalia offered a large, black horse to King Phillip
- Horse seemed unable to be tamed- King Phillip didn't want it
- Alexander wanted the horse and tried to tame it- he realised the horse was afraid of its shadow and tamed it
- King Phillip said about his ability "O my son, look thee out a kingdom equal and worthy of thyself, for Macedonia is too little for thee"
Education
- tutored by Leonidas- taught Math, Horsemanship, & Archery
- Alex was a rebellious student with relentless attention
- tutored by Lysimachus- used role play to teach
- 343 BC- tutored by Aristotle @ Temple of the Nymphs at Meiza (13 years old)- taught Philosophy, Drama, Science, Poetry, and Politics
- education ended at Meiza in 340 BC
Phillip's Assination
- Oct 336 BC in Aegea
- killed by his body guard- Pausanias of Oretis
- Reason unknown- possibilities include: Persians payed him off or Pausanias had relations with him then Phillip cheated on Pausania
- Alex had Pausania's body crucified
Family Relationship
- tension
- Alexander's step mom (Cleopatra)'s uncle told Alex he wasn't worthy of the throne
Alexander takes Power
- people doubted him because he was young
- people who doubted him were killed
Military Career
- fought vs Persians bc he thought they might have been involved in his father's assassination
- 334 BC: fought NW Asia Minor (Battle of the Granicus River)
- 334 BC- siege of Halicarnassus
- conquered Egypt @ Gaza
- Egyptains called Alexander a Pharaoh
Invasion of Egypt
- 327 BC- Punjab
- Indians fought with elephants
- Bucephalus died- named a city after him
- won & captured Porus
Revolt of Alex's Army
- revolted bc India had elephants & soldiers wanted to see their family
- Alex allowed them to return
- took Hydaspes & Indus river's home- fought Malion on their way
- many died on the journey home bc of the Gerdosian desert
Death
- June 10/11 323 BC- 32 years old @ palace of Nebuchadnezzar 2 in Babylon
- reasons a mystery, possibilities: poison (by Aristotle or his son, Iollas), malaria, alcohol poisoning
- people refused to believe he died
His Power/Rule
- empire was the largest of its time
- remained under Macondian rule for 200-300 years after Alex's death
- Alex encouraged people (Macedonian men) to marry Persian woman to maintain peace
- tried to combine Greek and Persian cultures
- the passing of the ring symbolized the passing of power
Parentage
- King Phillip II
- Birth Place: Pella of Macedon
- Held hostage in Thebes
- While held hostage he learned military and diplomatic education
- Olympias
- Princess, married to King Phillip II
- He changed her name from Myrtale
- Gave birth to Alexander
- King Phillip II had another wife
- Olympias ordered the death of the other wife and the son to ensure Alexander would get the throne
- Born in the Pella region of Macedonia
- Rarely saw his father since he had military campaign and multiple wives
- Bucephalus
- Alexander's father didn't want it
- He tamed it
- Many myths
- Alexander took the horse to all his battles
- Name means ox's head
- Education
- Tutored by Leonidas
- Taught math, horsemanship, and archery
- Rebellious student
- new teacher: Aristotle
- Taught drama, science, politics, and poetry
- Education ended in Meiza
- Phillip II was assassinated
- by Pausanias, his body guard
- Reasons for murder:
- Paid to kill
- Pausanias might have been Phillip II's partner and Phillip cheated
- Alexander had Pausanias crucified
- Family's Relationship
- Tension!
- Uncle told Phillip II that Alexander wasn't suited for king; Alexander threw a cup at the Uncle and Phillip II tried to kill Alexander
- Alexander's Power
- Received power at the age of 20
- Plots to overthrow Alexander
- He had them executed
- Restored power in areas that were rebelling
- Military Career
- Fight with Persia
- Fought because they might have been in with the murder of King Phillip II
- Battle of Granicus
- 335 B.C crossed into Asia
- 334 B.C fought
- Battle of Granicus River
- Alexander won the battle with good tactics
- Siege of Halicarnassus
- 334 B.C
- Surrendered the fortress
- Began to siege the city
- Conquering Egypt
- Alexander won the battle but was wounded
- Men killed, women and children were sold into slavery
- Egypt liked Alexander and named him the Pharaoh
- Let them be just made them pay taxes
- Died on June 10, 323 B.C or June 11 323 B.C
- 32 when died
- Theories of Death
- Poisoned wine
- Malaria
- Alcohol Poisoning
- Died in Nebuchadnezzar II, Babylon
- Sarcophagus was taken to Alexander and replaced with glass so they couldn't make coins with it
- His next plan was to conquer all of India and head back to Europe
- When he would enter a new territory
- If they attacked he would kill the men and sell the women and children to slavery
- Largest Empire of time
- Stayed under rule for 200-300 years after death
- Hellenization purpose: spread Greek language, culture and population
- Many people didn't believe he died since it was so sudden
- Alexander wanted to combine cultures
- Alexander VI was born
- Macedonia collapsed after 40 years
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